What type of scales utilize different patterns of whole and half steps compared to traditional major and minor scales?

Modal scales represent a unique approach to scale construction, differing fundamentally from the traditional major and minor scales. They are built from the diatonic scale but shift the tonal center, giving rise to distinct patterns of whole and half steps. Each mode—such as Dorian, Phrygian, or Mixolydian—has its own specific intervallic structure which results in different emotional qualities and characteristics. This variety is what sets modal scales apart; they allow for experimentation with harmony and melody outside the confines of standard major and minor frameworks.

In contrast, chromatic scales consist of all twelve pitches within an octave, created by utilizing consecutive half steps and not adhering to a major or minor tonality. Pentatonic scales, which include five notes, also exhibit a straightforward step pattern, shedding half steps entirely, while whole tone scales are defined by a series of whole steps, producing a more dream-like sound. Thus, while the other types of scales focus on specific intervals or note count, modal scales uniquely adapt the familiar context of diatonic relationships to explore varied musical expressions.