What term refers to a sustained note over which harmonies change?

The term "pedal point" refers to a sustained note, typically in the bass, that remains constant while harmonies change above it. This technique creates a sense of tension and expectation because the listener is aware that the harmony is modulating around a stable pitch. It often serves as an anchor within the music, allowing for exploration of varied harmonic progressions while maintaining tonal coherence.

In compositions, pedal points can enhance dramatic effects and provide a foundation upon which other musical elements can develop. This approach is commonly found in various styles of music, including classical, jazz, and even contemporary genres, making it a valuable technique for composers and musicians alike.