What is the term for the text that accompanies an opera, oratorio, or cantata, often written by a different person than the composer?

The term that describes the text accompanying an opera, oratorio, or cantata is "libretto." This text is crucial as it provides the storyline, dialogue, and any other lyrics that are sung by the performers. The composer typically focuses on the musical composition, while the librettist is responsible for crafting the words. This division allows for a collaboration that can enhance the overall impact of the work, as the emotional and narrative elements are communicated through the lyrics.

In contrast, a score refers to the written music notation that includes the composer’s musical arrangements for the different instruments and voices. Melody pertains to the sequence of notes that is perceived as a single entity but does not encompass the lyrics. Arrangement refers to the adaptation of a musical work, which might involve changing instruments or harmonizations, but does not specifically denote the text itself. Therefore, the identification of "libretto" as the text title is essential for discussing the distinct roles within the creation of operatic and choral works.