What is the primary focus of Marxist theory?

The primary focus of Marxist theory centers on the class struggle between the proletariat (working class) and the bourgeoisie (capitalist class). Marxist thought posits that history is driven by material conditions and the conflicts that arise from differing economic interests of these two classes. The theory suggests that the proletariat is exploited by the bourgeoisie due to the capitalist system, which prioritizes profit over the needs of workers. This struggle is seen as the fundamental engine of social change, ultimately leading to the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a classless society. Therefore, the essence of Marxism lies in understanding this dynamic of class conflict and how it shapes societal structures and historical development.

In contrast, the emphasis on capital accumulation speaks to a component of capitalism rather than the central conflict that Marx highlighted. State intervention and laissez-faire economics represent different ideologies that do not align with Marxist principles, as Marx focused on the inherent contradictions and struggles within capitalism rather than promoting state control or advocating for unregulated markets.