What is a key characteristic of the "scherzo" in classical music?

The "scherzo" in classical music is characterized by its quick tempo and light-hearted mood. This term, which translates to "joke" in Italian, captures the playful and lively essence of the form. Typically found in the third movement of symphonies and sonatas, the scherzo often contrasts with the more serious and lyrical themes found in other sections of a piece. The lively nature of the scherzo is further emphasized by its frequent use of humorous and whimsical motifs, making it a favorite among composers for injecting a sense of joy and energy into their works.

In contrast, slow, lyrical melodies define different types of music, such as adagios or andantes, which focus on expression and emotion rather than the upbeat and spirited qualities of a scherzo. Strictly patterned forms relate more to structures like fugues or sonata forms, where adherence to specific musical rules is paramount, differing from the freer, more spontaneous nature of the scherzo. Finally, heavy orchestration is more associated with romantic or late classical works rather than the typically lighter textures and instrumentation found in scherzos.