What does the term "ripieno" refer to in Baroque music?

The term "ripieno" in Baroque music refers specifically to the full orchestral sections that accompany the soloists in a concerto, particularly in the context of concerto grosso compositions. In these works, the ripieno represents the bulk of the orchestra, contrasting with the smaller group of solo instruments, known as the concertino. This distinction between ripieno and concertino is essential in understanding the structure and texture of Baroque music where the interplay between full ensemble and solo passages creates a rich and dynamic musical dialogue.

The ripieno serves to provide a fuller sound and support to the solo parts, which often leads to dramatic contrasts and highlights the virtuosity of the soloists. Recognizing this role helps to appreciate the complexities of Baroque composition, where the balance and interaction between the ripieno and concertino contribute significantly to the overall impact of a piece.