What does the term "Cold War" refer to?

The term "Cold War" specifically refers to the geopolitical tension that existed between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II, roughly from the late 1940s until the early 1990s. This period was characterized by ideological, political, and military rivalry, but it did not escalate into direct armed conflict between the two superpowers. Instead, the Cold War involved various forms of competition, including a nuclear arms race, proxy wars, espionage, and ideological battles over communism and capitalism.

The significance of the Cold War includes its impact on global politics, shaping alliances such as NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and influencing events across the world as both powers sought to expand their influence. The rivalry created a climate of paranoia and competition that affected many nations and led to numerous conflicts and crises, such as the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War.

In contrast, the other choices refer to distinct historical events or contexts that do not encapsulate the comprehensive and prolonged tension defined by the Cold War.