What does the term "basso continuo" refer to in Baroque music?

The term "basso continuo" refers to a performance practice common in Baroque music, which involves a continuous bass line that supports harmonic structure. This practice requires performers to improvise the chords above the bass line, usually played by instruments like the harpsichord or organ, along with a bass instrument such as a cello or bassoon.

The idea behind basso continuo is to provide a harmonic foundation that allows for greater freedom in melodic improvisation and variation throughout the piece. This practice was essential to the texture of Baroque music, allowing composers and musicians to create rich, layered compositions that emphasize both the harmonic and melodic elements. It reflects the Baroque period's emphasis on both structure and expressiveness, making it a foundational aspect of the music from that era.

Other terms, like musical genres, types of scales, or lyrical styles, do not accurately capture the essence of basso continuo and its significance within the practice of Baroque music.