In which battle did Napoleon Bonaparte suffer his final defeat?

Napoleon Bonaparte suffered his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, which took place on June 18, 1815. This battle marked a significant turning point in European history, leading to the end of the Napoleonic Wars and the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in France. At Waterloo, Napoleon faced a coalition army led by the Duke of Wellington and the Prussian General Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. The combination of these two forces ultimately overwhelmed Napoleon's troops, leading to his escape to exile.

The battle is notable not only for its immediate consequences but also for its lasting impact on European politics and military strategy. It effectively ended Napoleon's rule and marked the decline of France as a dominant power in Europe. The aftermath of this defeat contributed to the reshaping of the continent during the Congress of Vienna, which aimed to establish a balance of power and prevent the rise of a single dominant figure like Napoleon in the future.