In music, what term describes a 'dry recitative' that employs a speech-like, declamatory style supported only by continuo?

The term that describes a 'dry recitative' which uses a speech-like, declamatory style and is supported solely by continuo is recitativo secco. This form of recitative is characterized by its straightforward, almost conversational delivery, allowing the focus to be on the text rather than the musical embellishments. The accompaniment by continuo—typically consisting of instruments like the harpsichord and cello—provides harmonic support without overshadowing the vocal line.

In contrast, the term "recitative" broadly refers to a style of delivery in opera and oratorio that lies somewhere between singing and speaking, and it includes both secco and accompagnato types. "Arias" are standalone melodies that showcase a character's emotions, often more musically complex and enriched. "Countersubject" refers specifically to a musical idea that accompanies a subject in a fugue, rather than a vocal style. Therefore, recitativo secco uniquely captures the essence of this declamatory style, making it the correct choice.